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Copyright © 2021 - A Project of Equality Forum

William “Big Bill” Tilden II

Order
28
Biography

Tennis Champion

b. February 10, 1893
d. June 5, 1953

“Never change a winning game; always change a losing one.”

Bill Tilden is considered one of the greatest men’s tennis champions in history. He was the No. 1 player in the world for six years, from 1920 to 1925. During that time, he became the first American to win Wimbledon.

Born to privilege in Philadelphia, he first picked up a racket as a small child. By the time he was 22, he had lost both parents and his brother. Struggling with immense grief, he preoccupied himself with tennis, which became his primary means of recovery. He wrote about the game in several noteworthy books, including “Match Play and the Spin of the Ball.” By 27, he had attained championship status.

Tilden’s countless wins include 14 major singles titles: a World Hard Court Championship, 10 Grand Slams and three Pro Slams. He also won a record seven U.S. Championships. His all-time tennis achievements include a career match-winning record and winning percentage at the U.S. National Championships. 

Tilden won his third and final Wimbledon in 1930 at age 37, before turning pro. He was the oldest man to win a Wimbledon singles title. He went on to tour and was notorious for holding his own against much younger players. When Tilden was 52, he and his longtime doubles partner, Vinnie Richards, won the professional doubles championship—the same title they had won 27 years earlier.

Tilden was considered quite flamboyant. He dabbled in acting on stage and in film, and rumors about his homosexuality circulated. When he was arrested and imprisoned twice for sexual misbehavior with teenage boys, his world collapsed. He was shunned by his fans and fellow players and banned from teaching tennis at most clubs. Questions remain about whether he was targeted because of his sexuality. At the time, homosexual sex was illegal.

In 1959, Tilden was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Deford, Frank. Big Bill Tilden: The Triumphs and the Tragedy, Simon & Schuster, 1976.

Marshall, Jon Fisher. A Terrible Splendor: Three Extraordinary Men, a World Poised for War, and the Greatest Tennis Match Ever Played, Random House, 2010.

Websites

Davis Cup

International Tennis Federation

International Tennis Hall of Fame

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Icon Year
2015
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Renée Richards

Order
21
Biography

Transgender Pioneer

b. August 19, 1934
 
"I made the fateful decision to go and fight the legal battle to be able to play as a woman and stay in the public eye and become this symbol."
 
Dr. Renée Richards became a transgender icon in 1977 when she won a lawsuit against the United States Tennis Association. Richards sued the Association for its refusal to let her compete in the U.S. Open women's division following male-to-female gender reassignment surgery. In a landmark decision, the New York Supreme Court ruled in Richards's favor.
 
Richards started playing tennis at an early age. Ranked among the top-10 eastern national juniors, she won the Eastern Private Schools' Interscholastic singles title at age 15. She captained her high school tennis team at the Horace Mann School in New York City and Yale University's men's tennis team in 1954.
 
In 1959, Richards graduated from University of Rochester Medical School. After serving in the Navy as Lieutenant Commander, she pursued a career in ophthalmology and eye surgery while continuing to compete in tennis tournaments.
 
At the height of her tennis career, Richards ranked 20th in the nation. In her first tennis tournament as a female, she reached the semifinals in the U.S. Open women's doubles competition. Following retirement, Richards coached tennis star Martina Navratilova. In 2000, the U.S. Tennis Association inducted Richards into its Hall of Fame.
 
Richards has published two autobiographies: "Second Serve Renée" (1986), also a TV-movie, and "No Way Renée: The Second Half of My Notorious Life" (2007). She is a renowned eye surgeon and professor of ophthalmology at the New York University School of Medicine.
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Icon Year
2007
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Billie Jean King

Order
5
Biography

Athlete

b. November 22, 1943

"I think self-awareness is probably the most important thing towards being a champion." 
    
Life Magazine named Billie Jean King one of the "100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century." A tennis champion and an outspoken advocate for gender equality in sports, King has become an icon and legend for her contributions to the advancement of women's sports.

Despite her mother's attempts to steer her towards more feminine pursuits, King showed an early propensity for sports. She purchased her first tennis racquet at age 12 and demonstrated exceptional aptitude for game.  During her first lesson,  King recalls thinking "I knew I'd found what I wanted to do for the rest of my life."

In 1961, at age 17, King won her first grand slam title at Wimbledon in the women's doubles tournament. She quickly became known for her aggressive style and personality. In 1966, she won her first of 12 Grand Slam singles titles.

An outspoken advocate against sexism in sports, King hoped "to use sports for social change." She campaigned for equal prize awards after receiving $15,000 less in prize money than her male counterpart in the 1972 U.S. Open.  In 1973, King threatened to boycott the tournament. The following year, the U.S. Open became the first major tournament to award equal prize money to male and female champions.

King became the first woman to defeat a former male Wimbledon Champion in "The Battle of the Sexes." The Women's Tennis Association named her its first president and in 1974, King co-founded WomenSports Magazine and began the Women's Sports Foundation.

King struggled to come to terms with her sexuality. During her 22-year marriage she had an intimate affair with her assistant, Marilyn Barnett. Pressured by the threat of losing her career, King remained in the closet until 1981, when Barnett sued her for alimony. Though King won the lawsuit, she lost almost all of her commercial sponsors.

King came out publicly in 1988. Since then, she has helped further the visibility and inclusion of the LGBT community. She currently serves on the Board of the Elton John AIDS Foundation and National AIDS Fund.

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Icon Year
2007
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Martina Navratilova

Order
18
Biography
Tennis Champion
 
b. October 18, 1956
 
"The moment I stepped onto that crunchy red clay, felt the grit under my sneakers, felt the joy of smacking a ball over the net, I knew I was in the right place."
 
Martina Navratilova has won 168 singles tennis titles, more than any other tennis player in history, male or female. She has won 58 Grand Slam tournaments, including a record nine Wimbledon singles titles.
 
Navratilova knew from an early age that she wanted to be a tennis player. At 16 she turned pro and two years later, she defected from her native Czechoslovakia to the United States. In 1981 she became an American citizen.
 
Navratilova played a powerful serve-and-volley style of tennis the women's game had not seen before. She pioneered attention to diet and cross-training for physical conditioning. Navratilova's friend and former on-court rival Chris Evert said, "Martina revolutionized the game by her superb athleticism and aggressiveness, not to mention her outspokenness and her candor. She brought athleticism to a whole new level with her training techniques ... . She had everything down to a science, including her diet, and that was an inspiration to me."
 
In 1981 Navratilova became the first athletic superstar to announce her sexual orientation. While her candor cost her millions in endorsement opportunities, her tournament winnings alone in 1982 made her the first female athlete to earn more than a million dollars in a year.
 
Navratilova retired from women's singles tennis in 1994, but continued as a mixed doubles player until 2006, winning a total of 175 doubles titles in her career. She has earned a reputation as an advocate of gay rights, the environment, animal welfare and women's issues. She spoke at the 1993 March on Washington and filed a lawsuit against the enactment Colorado's Amendment 2, which banned legal protection for lesbians and gays in housing and employment.
 
TV analyst Bud Collins said, "Martina is probably the most daring player in the history of the game. She dared to play a style antithetical to her heritage without worrying about making a fool of herself. She dared to remake herself physically, setting new horizons for women in sports. And she dared to live her life as she chose, without worrying what other people thought of her."

In 2007 Equality Forum honored Navratilova with its 12th Annual International Role Model Award.

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Icon Year
2006
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Amélie Mauresmo

Order
23
Biography

Athlete
b.  July 5, 1979
“Whether it's in the right way or sometimes the wrong way, you learn about life and its lessons.”

Amélie Mauresmo was the World No. 1 tennis player. She won 25 career titles including two Grand Slams. In 2004, she received an Olympic Silver medal in tennis singles.

Mauresmo was born in Laye, France, where she began playing tennis at age 4. Her talent on the court was quickly recognized, and her parents enrolled her in private lessons. At 17, she was named Junior World Champion after winning both the French Open and Wimbledon. 

In 1999, two years into her professional career, Mauresmo came out during the Australian Open. She publicly embraced her girlfriend after defeating the World No. 1 player, Lindsay Davenport. Mauresmo credited her on-court success to coming to terms with her sexuality. She is the first tennis player to come out without losing any major sponsors.

Mauresmo is one of only a few tennis players to reach World No. 1 ranking before winning a Grand Slam title. Known for her powerful one-handed backhand and net play, she has defeated top-ranked players such as Venus and Serena Williams, Martina Hingis, and Justine Henin. In 2003, she helped France capture the Fed Cup.

In 2007, the president of France presented Mauresmo with the Legion of Honor. Two years later, she announced her retirement.

Since retiring, Mauresmo has coached other professional tennis players. In 2009, she became ambassador of the Sport for Life Foundation, a Swiss-based organization dedicated to supporting young athletes. “I want to share the experiences I’ve gathered along my career with young people so they cannot walk into traps,” she says. “Respect for values is the foundation for success!”

Mauresmo resides in Geneva, Switzerland.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Macur, Juliet. "Mauresmo Rallies and Carries the Flag to the Third Round.” The New York Times. 1 June 2007.

Petrequin, Samuel. "Amelie Mauresmo Retires: Former Top-Ranked Tennis Player To Retire." The Huffington Post. 3 December 2009.

Robson, Douglas. "Match Point."  The Advocate. 1 February 2009.

Websites

Official Website

Sport for Life Foundation

Social Networking

Facebook

Twitter

Films

The 11 Commandments (2004)

Rally for Relief (2005)

Wimbledon Official Film 2006 (2006)

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Icon Year
2011